A deed is a written legal document that formally transfers ownership of real property from one party to another. It names the parties, describes the property, states the grantor’s intent to convey, and notes consideration (often money).
Unlike a purchase contract, a deed is the core proof of ownership. Once signed by the grantor, delivered to the grantee, and accepted, it vests legal title in the new owner.
The grantor is the seller conveying property; the grantee is the buyer receiving it. The habendum clause (“to have and to hold”) defines the interest transferred.
Title is the intangible right to own property; a deed is the tangible document that conveys that right.
Before closing, a title search uncovers liens and claims. A clean title report and a properly executed deed ensure clear ownership.
A deed transfers rights; a title search confirms those rights are unencumbered. Together they safeguard buyers from hidden risks.
Most states require the grantor’s signature, a notary acknowledgment, and sometimes one or two witness signatures for validity.
Delivery means handing the signed deed to the grantee (or agent) with intent to transfer. Acceptance is typically presumed in a sale.
After closing, the deed is filed at the county recorder’s office. Recording puts the public on notice and usually occurs within days to weeks.
Unrecorded deeds can result in competing claims. Junior buyers or creditors may take priority if they record first.
Offers the broadest guarantees against title defects, covering the entire chain of ownership. Standard in most residential sales.
The seller warrants only against defects arising during their ownership. Common in commercial transactions.
Conveys whatever interest the grantor has without warranties. Ideal for intra-family transfers or clearing clouds on title.
Identify the precise legal description—lot numbers or metes-and-bounds—to confirm you have the right parcel.
Look for clauses granting third-party rights or limiting use (e.g., HOA covenants, utility easements).
Unmatched names, omitted signatures, or ambiguous conveyance language can invalidate a deed or invite litigation.
A corrective deed fixes mistakes (typos, omitted parties). A reaffirmation deed restates prior conveyance in clearer terms.
Reformation involves court action to modify intent. Re-execution is the parties signing a new, corrected deed voluntarily.
Ensure all grantors are alive and competent. Double-check notary and witness requirements before recording.
Expect attorney fees ($200–$500+), title company charges ($100–$300), and recorder fees ($25–$100).
DIY forms save money but risk errors. Professionals ensure compliance with state laws and reduce post‐closing disputes.
Assess complexity: simple family transfers might justify DIY, while sales, refinances, or corrections benefit from expert guidance.
Jane Doe purchases a house at 123 Maple Street using a general warranty deed to secure full protections.
Her agent recommends a general warranty deed over a quitclaim to ensure no hidden liens from prior owners.
No. Title is the right to own property; a deed is the document that conveys that right.
The grantor signs. Most states require notarization and one or more witnesses.
It still transfers ownership between grantor and grantee, but unrecorded deeds risk being trumped by later recorded interests.
Yes—through corrective deeds or, in complex cases, court-ordered reformation.
Combined costs typically range from $300 to $1,000, depending on attorney and county fees.
Useful for fast transfers (e.g., family gifts) but offers no title warranties—buyers assume all risk.
Deeds are written instruments that transfer ownership, vary by warranty level, and must be properly executed and recorded.
Review state statutes, county recorder websites, and the TurboHome glossary for related terms.
Seek professional help for sales, refinances, corrections, or any transaction involving complex liens or disputes.